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51.
Development of a crop knowledge base for Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. Russell R. I. Muetzelfeldt K. Taylor J. -M. Terres 《European Journal of Agronomy》1999,11(3-4):187-206
This paper describes the development of a Crop Knowledge Base System for use in crop modelling and yield forecasting. The inherent limitations of databases can cause problems for dealing effectively with geo-referenced data sets. The system described here includes all the normal database operations but also handles richer types of data. Values of queried attributes can be deduced through the use of heritability within hierarchies and by the application of rules that summarise sets of empirical observations. The system is able to reason about similar locations, so that where no information exists in the knowledge base for a particular location, then an alternative location, subject to similar meteorological and agricultural conditions, will be sought. 相似文献
52.
Gianni Fila Gianni Bellocchi Marco Acutis Marcello Donatelli 《European Journal of Agronomy》2003,18(3-4):369-372
The software
(Integrated Resources for Evaluating Numerical Estimates) is a data analysis tool designed to provide easy access to statistical techniques for use in model evaluation. Mostly, non-replicated model estimates (Ei) are compared against non-replicated measurements (Mi). The software also allows comparing individual estimates against replicated measurements (or vice versa) and replicated estimates against replicated measurements. The evaluation of model performance is essentially based on the difference Ei−Mi, or on the correlation–regression of Ei vs. Mi (or vice versa). In addition, model evaluation by probability distributions, pattern analysis, or fuzzy-based aggregation statistics is allowed. Graphics are included in most analytical tasks. The results are displayed in separate spreadsheets and can be exported into MS Excel workbooks. 相似文献
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Along with the process of urbanization,the old-town renewal has become the top task in the city construction.Directed by quantitative analysis of city's economy,this paper puts forward a new conception and model of development capacity for old city renewal,established land class evaluation system and AHP model to determine the land class and its evaluation factors.Restricted by the old town's eco-environment and social environment,and targeted by its economy,this paper suggests that the upper limit model of the old city's development capacity should be decided by its eco-environment volume and social environment,and the lower limit model should be determined by the market economy,thus the renewal can see the economy,society and environment proceed orderly and harmoniously.Upon the platform of ARCGIS with considering Nanyang old town renewal planning and design,this paper has drawn a digital map for old town renewal development intensity,and explores tentatively the proper development capacity under the platform of GIS. 相似文献
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农业用水及其生态社会效应的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究建立了农业用水水资源城市人口非线性动力学模型,并探讨了农业用水的生态效应和有关稳定性问题。研究结果表明水资源城市人口 农业用水三者之间关系是非常复杂的非线性关系,盲目、超规模的农业用水将使城市城镇化抑或城镇农村化;稳定的城市人口与农作物生物总量成线性关系,低灌溉效率下农业用水的增加非但不能使农业增产,还将导致农作物生物总量的减少和城市规模的减小;为达到增加农业用水时既可使农业增产,又支持城市扩大的目的,惟一途径是提高农业灌溉效率 相似文献
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The dynamics of inorganic N in soil following the application of plant residues depends on their composition. We assumed that all plant materials are composed of similar components, each decomposing at a specific rate, but differ in the proportions of the various components. The NCSOIL model that simulates C and N turnover in soil was used to link the rates of residue decomposition to their composition, defined as soluble, cellulose-like and lignin-like C and N, and thereby integrate short and long-term effects of residues on available N dynamics in soil. Five plant residues in a wide range of C:N ratios were incubated in soil for 24 weeks at 30 °C, during which C and N mineralization were measured. The materials with large C:N ratios (corn, rice hulls and wheat straw) were also incubated with NH4+-N to avoid N deficiency. The residues were analyzed for total and soluble C and N. The partitioning of insoluble C and N between cellulose- and lignin-like pools was optimized by best fit of simulated C and N mineralization to measured results. The decomposition rate constants of the soluble and lignin-like pools were assumed to be 1.0 and 10−5 d−1, respectively, and that of the cellulose-like pool, obtained by model optimization against mineralization of cellulose with NH4+-N in soil, was 0.051 d−1. The optimized, kinetically defined lignin-like pool of all residues was considerably larger than lignin contents normally found in plant residues by the Van Soest procedure. Gross N mineralization of tobacco and rape residues was similar, but N recovery from tobacco was larger, because a larger fraction of its C was in the lignin-like pool. N in rice hulls, corn and wheat residues was mostly recalcitrant, yet rice hulls did not cause N deficiency, because most of its C was recalcitrant too. The soluble components of the residues had strong short-term effects on available N in soil, but the cellulose-like pool was equally important for short and medium-term effects. Soluble and cellulose-like C were 29 and 42% of total C, respectively, in corn and 7 and 50% in wheat. Maximal net inorganic N losses, measured in both residue treatments after 2 weeks, were 42 mg g−1 C applied as corn and 31 mg g−1 C applied as wheat, or 84 and 110 mg g−1 decomposed C of corn and wheat, respectively. Rice hulls immobilized N slowly, but by the end of 24 weeks all three residues immobilized 26-27 mg N kg−1 C applied. The different dynamics of N immobilization demonstrated the need to determine the decomposability of C and N rather than their total contents in plant residues. 相似文献
59.
在大量田间试验的基础上,建立了浙江水稻氮肥优化决策支持系统ONIR(optimazation of nitrogen to irrigated rice).该系统是利用NuDSS(nutrient decision support system)与独创的NSAM(N splitting application model)有机结合而成的.氮肥分次施用模型(NSAM)是根据水稻生长发育规律和养分平衡供应原理建立的,目的是确定各生育期的氮肥施用量,也就是氮肥的分次施用量.系统验证结果表明,模拟值与实测值均落在直观图1∶1线附近,线性回归t 检验平均>0.05,斜率α在0.847 ~ 1.034 之间,确定系数R2在0.85 ~ 0.99之间,均方差误差为1 ~ 110 kg/hm2,规范均方根为 9% ~ 24%.在浙江水稻区,当目标产量为7.3 t/hm2(晚稻)和8.3 t/hm2(中稻)时,利用ONIR推荐的最佳氮肥用量分别为120 kg/hm2和150 kg/hm2;基肥、分蘖前期、幼穗分化期和抽穗期施肥的分配比例:晚稻为0.4∶0.2∶0.4∶0 或0.4∶0.2∶0.2∶0.2,中稻为0.4∶0.2∶0.4∶0 或者0.4∶0.2∶0.2∶0.2. 相似文献
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